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NEET Chemistry Syllabus

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

UNIT 1: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY
  • Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory
  • Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound
  • Laws of chemical combination
  • Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, and percentage composition
  • Empirical and molecular formulae
  • Chemical equations and stoichiometry
UNIT 2: ATOMIC STRUCTURE
  • Nature of electromagnetic radiation, and photoelectric effect
  • Spectrum of the hydrogen atom, Bohr model postulates and orbital derivations
  • Limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter and de Broglie's relationship
  • Heisenberg uncertainty principle
  • Quantum mechanics: quantum mechanical model of the atom and orbital wave functions
  • Quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, magnetic) and shapes of s, p, and d orbitals
  • Electron spin and spin quantum numbers
  • Rules for filling orbitals: Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund's rule, and configurations
UNIT 3: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
  • Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, and ionic/covalent concepts
  • Ionic Bonding: ionic bond factors, and lattice enthalpy calculations
  • Covalent Bonding: electronegativity concept, Fajan's rule, dipole moment, and VSEPR theory
  • Valence bond theory, hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals, and Resonance
  • Molecular Orbital Theory: bonding/antibonding orbitals, sigma and pi-bonds
  • Configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, bond order, bond length, and bond energy
  • Metallic bonding and Hydrogen bonding with applications
UNIT 4: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
  • Thermodynamics fundamentals: system/surroundings, properties, state functions, and processes
  • The first law of thermodynamics: work, heat, internal energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity
  • Hess's law of constant heat summation
  • Enthalpies of: bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution
  • Second law of thermodynamics: spontaneity criteria (entropy change ΔS and Gibbs energy change ΔG)
  • Standard Gibbs energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant
UNIT 5: SOLUTIONS
  • Concentration expression methods: molality, molarity, mole fraction, and percentage
  • Vapour pressure of solutions, Raoult's Law, and ideal/non-ideal solutions
  • Colligative properties: lowering of vapour pressure, freezing depression, boiling elevation, and osmotic pressure
  • Molecular mass determination using colligative properties
  • Abnormal molecular mass, van't Hoff factor and its significance
UNIT 6: EQUILIBRIUM
  • Equilibrium concepts: dynamic physical and chemical processes
  • Physical equilibria: solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and solid-gas; Henry's law
  • Chemical equilibria: Law of chemical equilibrium, constants (Kp and Kc), and free energy change ΔG/ΔG°
  • Factors affecting equilibrium: concentration, pressure, temperature, catalysts, and Le Chatelier's principle
  • Ionic equilibrium: electrolytes ionization, acid-base theories (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis)
  • Ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, salt hydrolysis, and solubility products
  • Buffer solutions
UNIT 7: REDOX REACTIONS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY
  • Redox concepts: oxidation numbers, redox balancing, and reactions
  • Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance, molar conductivities, and Kohlrausch's law
  • Electrochemical cells: Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, and electrode potentials
  • Galvanic cell emf measurements, Nernst equation, and cell potential relation with Gibbs' energy change
  • Dry cell, lead accumulator, and fuel cells
UNIT 8: CHEMICAL KINETICS
  • Reaction rate and factors: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalysts
  • Elementary and complex reactions, order, and molecularity of reactions
  • Rate law, rate constant, and zero/first-order differential and integral equations
  • Half-lives of zero and first-order reactions
  • Temperature effects: Arrhenius theory, activation energy, and collision theory (no derivation)

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT 9: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
  • Modern periodic law and periodic table form
  • s, p, d, and f block elements classification
  • Periodic trends: atomic/ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, and reactivity
UNIT 10: P- BLOCK ELEMENTS
  • Group-13 to Group-18 Elements introduction
  • Electronic configuration and general periodic trends in physical/chemical properties
  • Unique behavior of the first element in each group
UNIT 11: d and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS
  • Transition Elements: electronic configurations, occurrence, and trends of first-row transition elements
  • Complex formation, catalytic behavior, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, and alloy formation
  • Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4
  • Lanthanoids: configurations, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction
  • Actinoids: configurations and oxidation states
UNIT 12: CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
  • Werner's theory: ligands, coordination number, denticity, and chelation
  • IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, and isomerism
  • Bonding: Valence bond approach and basic Crystal field theory
  • Color, magnetic properties, and importance of coordination compounds in extraction/biology

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT 13: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • Purification: crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography
  • Qualitative analysis: detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens
  • Quantitative analysis: basic estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, and phosphorus
  • Calculations of empirical and molecular formulae; numerical problems
UNIT 14: SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • Tetravalency of carbon and hybridization (s and p) shapes
  • Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds based on functional groups
  • Homolytic and heterolytic covalent bond fission: free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions stability
  • Electrophiles and nucleophiles
  • Electronic displacement: inductive, electromeric, resonance, and hyperconjugation effects
  • Organic reactions: substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement
UNIT 15: HYDROCARBONS
  • Classification, isomerism, and IUPAC nomenclature
  • Alkanes conformations (Sawhorse and Newman projections) and halogenation mechanism
  • Alkenes geometrical isomerism, electrophilic addition mechanism (Markownikoff's and peroxide effect)
  • Ozonolysis and polymerization
  • Alkynes acidic character, addition reactions, and polymerization
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons benzene structures, aromaticity, and electrophilic substitution mechanism
UNIT 16: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS
  • Halogens preparation methods, properties, and reactions
  • Nature of C-X bond, and mechanisms of substitution reactions
  • Uses and environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons, and DDT
UNIT 17: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN
  • Alcohols primary/secondary/tertiary identification, and dehydration mechanisms
  • Phenols acidic nature, electrophilic substitution (halogenation, nitration), and Reimer-Tiemann reaction
  • Ethers structure, preparation, and properties
  • Aldehydes and Ketones: carbonyl group reactivities, nucleophilic additions, Grignard reagents, and Aldol condensation
  • Acidity of alpha-hydrogen, Cannizzaro and Haloform reactions, and distinguishing chemical tests
  • Carboxylic Acids acidic strength factors
UNIT 18: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
  • Amines nomenclature, structure, classification, basic character, and identification tests
  • Diazonium Salts preparation and importance in synthetic organic chemistry
UNIT 19: BIOMOLECULES
  • Carbohydrates classification: aldoses, ketoses, monosaccharides, and oligosaccharides
  • Proteins: alpha-amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptides, structural configurations, and denaturation
  • Vitamins classification and biochemical functions
  • Nucleic Acids chemical constitution of DNA and RNA, and biological functions
  • Hormones general introduction
UNIT 20: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY
  • Extra elements detection (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds
  • Functional groups detection (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino)
  • Inorganic preparations: Mohr's salt, Potash alum; Organic: Acetanilide, p-nitroacetanilide, iodoform
  • Titrimetric exercises: acid-base reactions, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr's salt vs KMnO4
  • Qualitative salt analysis: cations (Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+)
  • Qualitative salt analysis: anions (CO3 2-, S2-, SO4 2-, NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, Br-, I-)
  • Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4, and Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base
  • Lyophilic and lyophobic sols preparation, and kinetics of iodide ions with H2O2